Pneumococcal Disease: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention
Pneumococcal disease is caused by a bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae that can attack different parts of the body. When these bacteria invade the lungs, they can cause pneumonia; when they invade the bloodstream, they can cause sepsis; and when they invade the lining of the brain, they can cause meningitis. These serious conditions often require...
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Norovirus: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment and Prevention
Norovirus is part of a family of related viruses (Caliciviridae) that are highly contagious and can be spread through contaminated food, water, or common surfaces. Infection with these viruses particularly affects the stomach and causes an illness called gastroenteritis (inflammation of the stomach and intestines). Noroviruses are resistant to high or low temperatures and...
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Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis): Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention
Mumps or epidemic parotitis is a contagious disease caused by a virus. There is no specific treatment for mumps, and this condition can cause serious health problems. The vaccine is the most effective way to prevent the disease. The virus primarily affects the salivary glands, also called parotid glands. These glands are responsible for...
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Monkeypox: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment and Prevention
Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis (a virus transmitted to humans from animals), with symptoms similar to those observed in the past in patients with smallpox, although it is clinically less severe. The virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus. Diseases associated with this genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, and camelpox. The natural reservoir of monkeypox...
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Meningococcal Disease – Meningococcal Meningitis and Septicemia: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention
Meningococcal disease is a severe bacterial condition that can lead to swelling of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord (causing meningitis) or infection of the bloodstream (leading to meningococcal septicemia). In certain situations, the disease can lead to pneumonia, but this is less common. Meningitis is characterized by the inflammation of the...
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Measles: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment and Prevention
Measles Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious respiratory disease that can lead to serious complications, such as pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, and even death. Measles is caused by the measles virus (part of the Paramyxoviridae family), which affects the lung and pharyngeal cells of an infected person and spreads easily through...
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Japanese Encephalitis: Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment and Prevention
Japanese encephalitis is a potentially serious disease caused by a virus spread by infected mosquitoes in Asia and the western Pacific. The virus is the leading cause of vaccine-preventable encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). For most people traveling to Asia, the risk of contracting the virus is very low. Typically, people who live in...
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